A convex structure, where a servo signal is recorded, of a perpendicular magnetic recording medium is set to a truncated quadrangular pyramid shape and a specification of the truncated quadrangular pyramid shape and so forth are determined according to properties of the perpendicular magnetic recording medium to be used, so that the influence of a demagnetizing field that accelerates thermal fluctuation of the perpendicular magnetic recording medium can be reduced in a servo area of the medium which is most affected by the thermal fluctuation of the medium. Therefore, it is possible to provide a magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus having the magnetic recording medium that can suppress degradation of the servo signal caused by the thermal fluctuation of magnetization of perpendicular magnetic recording layers forming a convex-concave structure in the servo area to thereby ensure a stable servo function over the long term.