A novel alfalfa variety designated 53V52 and seed, plants and plant parts thereof. Methods for producing an alfalfa plant that comprise crossing alfalfa variety 53V52 with another alfalfa plant. Methods for producing an alfalfa plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into 53V52 through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the alfalfa seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. Hybrid alfalfa seed, plant or plant part produced by crossing alfalfa variety 53V52 or a trait conversion of 53V52 with another alfalfa line. Alfalfa lines derived from alfalfa variety 53V52, methods for producing other inbred alfalfa lines derived from alfalfa variety 53V52 and the alfalfa lines and their parts derived by the use of those methods.