A fiber to chip coupling connecting an optical fiber to an integrated
circuit. A section of fiber is laid on top of the surface of the chip,
where the end of the fiber has been cut at an angle to form an angled
tip. The angled tip has a flat surface which reflects light down to a
waveguide grating coupler disposed on the integrated circuit. Light is
reflected off the reflective surface of the angled tip by total internal
reflection. The waveguide grating coupler is designed to accept the
slightly diverging light beam from the reflective surface of the angled
tip of the fiber. Light can also propagate through the fiber to chip
coupler in the opposite direction, up from the substrate through the
waveguide grating and into an optical fiber after bouncing off the
reflective surface of the angled tip.