Micro-optical elements (MOEs) are designed and fabricated onto transparent
laser driver substrates to collimate or focus the beams from
vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) in accordance with
specific application requirements. One disclosed example teaches the
hybrid integration of a top-emitting 850 mm VCSEL array and a transparent
sapphire substrate that supports a monolithic MOE with designated optical
functionality. A flip-chipping hybridization technique ensures a
realistic and reliable process. The VCSEL beams transmit directly through
the MOE structure on the transparent sapphire substrate and become
well-controlled optical outputs under precise specifications. The optical
power loss in such a beam shaping process is minimized compared to
configurations based on conventional optical components.