The linear motion drive system is capable of optionally changing a position of a linear rail with respect to a pedestal. The linear motion drive system comprises: a pedestal section; a linear rail arranged in parallel with respect to the pedestal section; a rail holder attached to the pedestal section, the rail holder holding the linear rail on the pedestal section; and a moving body linearly reciprocally moving along the linear rail. The rail holder is slidably attached to and fixed to the pedestal section by an attaching mechanism so as to optionally change a position of the rail holder with respect to the pedestal section.