A nanoporous, nanocrystalline film and electrochromic device. The nanoporous, nanocrystalline film has a conducting metal oxide having an electroactive compound, which is either a p-type or n-type redox promoter or p-type or n-type redox chromophore, absorbed thereto. The electrochromic device has at least one electrode, the at least one electrode having a transparent or translucent substrate bearing an electrically conducting coating, which in turn bears a conducting nanostructured metal oxide film.