An apparatus includes a circuit having first, second and third circuit portions, the first and third circuit portions each including at least one semiconductor circuit component. The second circuit portion includes at least one non-semiconductor circuit component, and is free of semiconductor circuit components. A first substrate has the first and second circuit portions disposed adjacent one side thereof. A second substrate is physically separate from the first substrate, and has the third circuit portion disposed adjacent a side thereof which faces the one side of the first substrate. The second and third circuit portions have electrically conductive parts which are coupled by thermo-formed bonds.

 
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> Copper interconnects

~ 00368