Improved fuel cell systems comprise a fuel delivery system having a
fluidization apparatus and a fluidization pump for creating an
electrolyte flow suitable for fluidizing at least a portion of the fuel
particles located within the fluidization apparatus. Due to the presence
of the fluidization pump and the fuel delivery pump, the degree of
fluidization of the fuel particles can be controlled independently of the
overall electrolyte flow rate provided to the cell stacks. In other
words, the mass flow rate of fuel particles through the fuel cell can be
varied independently from the total flow rate through the fuel cell
system. The fluidization of fuel particles can facilitate suitable mixing
of fuel particles and electrolyte and can prevent fuel particle
agglomeration, which can clog the fuel cell piping system. In some
embodiments, a splitter element can be positioned within the container to
divide the fuel and electrolyte flow exiting the container into multiple
flows, which prevents the blockage of one pathway from completely
starving the cell stacks of fuel and electrolyte.