Disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition containing an extract of Schisandrae Fructus for preventing and treating metabolic bone diseases, oxidative stress-induced diseases and inflammatory diseases. The composition of the present invention contains the extract of Schisandrae Fructus showing increasing action on bone mineralization and protein biosynthesis, antioxidant action and anti-inflammation and analgesic actions, and can be used as a direct therapeutic agent or a therapeutic aide for metabolic bone diseases, oxidative stress-induced diseases and inflammatory diseases. A therapeutic agent of the present invention is of a natural medicament containing the extract of Schisandrae Fructus, that is, a kind of medicinal plants, and shows the above described actions without any adverse side effect shown in conventional synthetic medicaments, thereby preferably replacing the conventional synthetic medicaments.