Provided are electrochemical circuits with electrodes having a main body
section and at least one neck section wherein the width of at least a
portion of the neck section is less than the width of the narrowest
portion of the main body section, and an insulative layer over a portion
of the conductive layer such that at least a portion of an electrode neck
section is not covered by the insulative layer. Also provided are methods
of making the electrochemical circuits.