Modular vehicle units, including aircraft interior storage units, and associated methods are disclosed herein. One embodiment is directed toward an aircraft system that includes a modular unit and at least one latch or releasable coupler to couple the modular unit to at least one surface of an aircraft. Another embodiment is directed toward a vehicle system that includes a vehicle having a first surface and a second surface. A modular unit can be positioned generally against the first and second surfaces. The system can further include at least one latch or releasable coupler to couple the modular unit to at least one of the first and second surfaces. In further embodiments, the system can include at least one locating device for positioning the modular unit.