A spectroscopic ellipsometer or polarimeter system having a source of a polychromatic beam of electromagnetic radiation, a polarizer, a stage for supporting a material system, an analyzer, a dispersive optics and a detector system which comprises a multiplicity of detector elements, there being apertures before the stage for supporting a material system, and thereafter, the system further having at least one multi-element lens and optionally being present in an environmental control chamber.

 
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< System and method for quantitative or qualitative measurement of exogenous substances in tissue and other materials using laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy

> Anti-shake apparatus

~ 00414