Methods of analysis, and compositions relating to such, to determine the presence or absence of an analyte in a sample utilizing a composite substrate which facilitates surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy through the use of `hot spots` of the form `metal/analyte/metal` are presented. Additionally, substrates which contain `hot spots` of the form `metal/analyte/metal` and substrates which facilitate the formation of `hot spots` of the form `metal/analyte/metal` are presented as well as methods for making these substrates.