A powered orthosis, adapted to be secured to a corresponding body portion
of the user for guiding motion of a user, the orthosis comprising a
plurality of structural members and one or more joints adjoining adjacent
structural members, each joint having one or more degrees of freedom and
a range of joint angles. One or more of the joints each comprise at least
one back-drivable actuator governed by a controller for controlling the
joint angle. The plurality of joint controllers are synchronized to cause
the corresponding actuators to generate forces for assisting the user to
move the orthosis at least in part under the user's power along a desired
trajectory within an allowed tolerance. One embodiment comprises
force-field controllers that define a virtual tunnel for movement of the
orthosis, in which the forces applied to the orthosis for assisting the
user may be proportional to deviation from the desired trajectory.