A thin-film electrode for a bio-nanobattery is produced by consecutively
depositing arrays of a ferritin protein on a substrate, employing a spin
self-assembly procedure. By this procedure, a first ferritin layer is
first formed on the substrate, followed by building a second,
oppositely-charged ferritin layer on the top of the first ferritin layer
to form a bilayer structure. Oppositely-charged ferritin layers are
subsequently deposited on top of each other until a desired number of
bilayer structures is produced. An ordered, uniform, stable and robust,
thin-film electrode material of enhanced packing density is presented,
which provides optimal charge density for the bio-nanobattery.