Methods and apparatus for generating two or more different colors or color temperatures of light over a significant range of different saturations or different color temperatures, in which luminance compensation is provided. In one example, generated light is compensated, at least in part, for the "Helmholtz-Kohlrausch" (HK) effect, which models the perception of different brightnesses for different colors or color temperatures, notwithstanding identical luminances. In another example, lighting apparatus including one or more LEDs to generate two or more different colors or color temperatures of light are configured to provide luminance compensation so as to mitigate, at least in part, the HK effect.