A system and method for improving light extraction from luminescent devices such as light-emitting flat-panel displays (for example, light-emitting diode (OLED) flat-panel displays) or flat panel lamps. The system includes a material with negative index of refraction, preferably with n=-1. The presence of such material on the exit surface of the electro-optic devices such as flat panel display or lamp with light-generating medium sandwiched between materials with refractive index n>1 fully removes TIR and results in light outcoupling efficiency of about 100%.

 
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> Cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery having functional center pin

> Semiconductor memory device with memory cells, each having bit registering layer in addition to a memory layer and method of driving the same

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