The present teachings provide silole-based polymers that can be used as p-type semiconductors. More specifically, the present teachings provide polymers that include a repeating unit of Formula I: ##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, Z, x, and x' are as defined herein. The present teachings also provide methods of preparing these polymers, and relate to various compositions, composites, and devices that incorporate these polymers.

 
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> Method for making negative electrode component including a carbonaceous material for use in a nonaqueous secondary battery

> Cathode active material, cathode material having the cathode active material, secondary aqueous lithium-ion battery having the cathode material, and method for preparing the cathode active material
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