An apparatus for and a method of analyzing components using microscopic regions. The apparatus includes: an image obtainer obtaining an image of a part of a living body; a color information generator generating color information of an image having a matrix pattern from a size of the microscopic regions and the obtained image; a first data transformer transforming the color information of the image into a product of first and second matrixes; and a component analyzer analyzing components of the obtained image using at least one of the first and second matrixes. When the obtained image is divided into a plurality of microscopic regions, the size of the microscopic regions is determined so that concentrations of components of the part fluctuate in each of the microscopic regions.