A hollow fiber membrane module with a fixed structure comprises: a bearing shell (7), an inlet (8), a concentrated water outlet (10), a produced water outlet (9), a central tube (1) and hollow fiber membranes (6), in which the hollow fiber membranes (6), the central tube (1) and the bearing shell (7) are fixed together, the inlet (8) is located at one end of the hollow fiber membranes (6), the concentrated water outlet (10) is located at the other end of the hollow fiber membranes (6), the produced water outlet(s) (9) is(are) located at one end or both ends of the central tube (1), and there are small holes drilled on the side wall of the central tube (1). The module also comprises at least one separate fixed ring(s) (2) for fixing the hollow fiber membranes (6), with the separate fixed ring(s) (2) fixed on the central tube (1) and the hollow fiber membranes (6) arranged in parallel through the separate fixed ring(s) (2).