A light-emitting element is demonstrated which has a mixed layer between a
pair of electrodes. The mixed layer comprises a first region and a second
region each of which comprises both a metal oxide and a compound that
exhibits an electron donating property to the metal oxide. The
light-emitting element is characterized in that the first region and the
second region are provided alternately and repeatedly in a thickness
direction of the mixed layer and have a thickness of 0.1 nm to 10 nm, and
that a concentration of the metal oxide in the first region is different
from that in the second region.