A non-volatile memory cell that includes a first electrode; a second
electrode; and an electrical contact region that electrically connects
the first electrode and the second electrode, the electrical contact
region has a end portion and a continuous side portion, and together, the
end portion and the continuous side portion form an open cavity, wherein
the memory cell has a high resistance state and a low resistance state
that can be switched by applying a voltage across the first electrode and
the second electrode.