The present invention recognizes that the determination of an ion transport function or property using direct detection methods, such as patch-clamps, whole cell recording or single channel recording, are preferable to methods that utilize indirect detection methods, such as FRET based detection system. The present invention provides biochips and methods of use that allow for the direct analysis of ion transport functions or properties using microfabricated structures that can allow for automated detection of one or more ion transport functions or properties. These biochips and methods of use thereof are particularly appropriate for automating the detection of ion transport functions or properties, particularly for screening purposes.