The present invention provides drilling systems for drilling subsea
wellbores. The drilling system includes a tubing that passes through a sea
bottom wellhead and carries a drill bit. A drilling fluid system
continuously supplies drilling fluid into the tubing, which discharges at
the drill bit bottom and returns to the wellhead through an annulus
between the tubing and the wellbore carrying the drill cuttings. A fluid
return line extending from the wellhead equipment to the drilling vessel
transports the returning fluid to the surface. In a riserless arrangement,
the return fluid line is separate and spaced apart from the tubing. In a
system using a riser, the return fluid line may be the riser or a separate
line carried by the riser. The tubing may be coiled tubing with a drilling
motor in the bottom hole assembly driving the drill bit. A suction pump
coupled to the annulus is used to control the bottom hole pressure during
drilling operations, making it possible to use heavier drilling muds and
drill to greater depths than would be possible without the suction pump.
An optional delivery system continuously injects a flowable material,
whose fluid density is less than the density of the drilling fluid, into
the returning fluid at one or more suitable locations the rate of such
lighter material can be controlled to provide supplementary regulation of
the pressure. Various pressure, temperature, flow rate and kick sensors
included in the drilling system provide signals to a controller that
controls the suction pump, the surface mud pump, a number of flow control
devices, and the optional delivery system.