Bioelectronic components are formed using nanoparticles surrounded by
attached shells of at least one biological material. The nanoparticles are
deposited (e.g., using a printing process) onto a surface, and by
associating the deposited nanoparticles with one or more electrical
contacts, electrical measurement across the nanoparticles (and,
consequently, across the biological material) may be made. A finished
component may include multiple layers formed by nanoparticle deposition.
