A phosphor thin film includes a matrix material expressed by a composition formula A_xB_yO_wS_z, and a substance functioning as a luminescence center in the matrix material. In the composition formula, A represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Zn; B represents at least one rare-earth element selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu; O represents oxygen atoms; and S represents sulfur atoms, respectively. Molar ratios are respectively set as 0