The present invention relates generally to the magnetic information storage technology, and particularly, to magnetic recording disc drives including a sensor having a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) based spin valve structure or a tunneling magnetoresistance(TMR) based tunnel junction magnetoresistance structure or magnetic random access memory device including a magnetic memory element(corresponding to a capacitor of DRAM) having a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) based spin valve structure or a tunneling magnetoresistance(TMR) based tunnel junction magnetoresistance structure. More particularly, the present invention relates to a spin valve magnetoresistive structure employed in the sensor of magnetic recording disc drive or tunnel junction magnetoresistive structure employed in the magnetic storage element of magnetic random access memory device.

 
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> Method and apparatus for testing magnetic head with TMR element

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