The present invention is directed to a device, such as a medical device, comprising at least one photocatalytic layer and at least one source of electromagnetic radiation, such as an LED or an electroluminescent material and methods of use. In some embodiments, the device includes an electrically conductive layer, such as an optically transparent conductive oxide, that is adapted to be biased from a voltage source. A method for increasing the energy efficiency of a photocatalytic surface comprises electrically biasing a transparent conductive oxide layer. A method for illuminating a complex three-dimensional surface comprises illuminating a photocatalytic layer with electromagnetic radiation from an electroluminescent layer. The devices and methods of the invention are useful, for example, for removing or preventing the formation of organic matter on a sensor window.