A polymer optical waveguide includes: an optical waveguide portion that includes a core and a cladding each formed of polymer material; and a conductive line that is installed along the core integrally with the optical waveguide portion, and that has an electrode surface for external connection exposed on a surface different from an end surface of the optical waveguide portion.

 
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< Mobile, transportable, electrostatic chuck for wafers made of semiconductor material

> Protective agent, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge

> Decurl device and image forming apparatus provided therewith

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