An apparatus measures a position of a mobile robot. An apparatus and method to measure the position of the mobile robot is provided, in which a plurality of sensor cells are installed on a bottom surface of a work space, and the mobile robot detects installation positions of the sensor cells, thus enabling the mobile robot to precisely measure its position, moving distance and moving direction. The mobile robot position measurement apparatus has one or more sensor cells and a sensor. The sensor cells each have unique position information, and are installed in a work area of the mobile robot. The sensor is mounted to the mobile robot to obtain the position information from the sensor cells and to measure a current position of the mobile robot.