A method of treating liver disease in a subject may include administering
to the subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable
formulation. The pharmaceutically acceptable formulation may include a
synthetic analog or derivative of a carotenoid. The subject may be
administered a carotenoid analog or derivative, either alone or in
combination with another carotenoid analog or derivative, or
co-antioxidant formulation. The carotenoid analog may include a
conjugated polyene with between 7 to 14 double bonds. The conjugated
polyene may include a cyclic ring including at least one substituent. In
some embodiments, a cyclic ring of a carotenoid analog or derivative may
include at least one substituent. The substituent may be coupled to the
cyclic ring with an ester functionality.
